What is the activated sludge process primarily used for?

The activated sludge process is primarily used to encourage biological decomposition in wastewater, making it a key method in treating sewage and industrial effluents. It involves the use of microorganisms that consume organic matter in the wastewater, breaking it down into simpler compounds. This process not only reduces the concentration of pollutants in the water but also helps to stabilize the organic materials, thus making the treated effluent safer for discharge into the environment or for further treatment.

The microorganisms, primarily bacteria, thrive in a controlled environment where air is supplied to promote aerobic respiration. The result is a substantial reduction in biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and sludge production, critical components in assessing wastewater quality.

While there are other processes and methods for dealing with solid wastes and heavy metals, and temperature management in treatment facilities is important for overall efficiency, these aspects do not define the primary purpose of the activated sludge process. Its main focus is the biological degradation of organic pollutants, which is essential for successful wastewater treatment.